第五部分　阅读理解　(120分)
Passage　1
In　the　atmosphere,　carbon　dioxide　acts　rather　like　a　one-way　mirror…the　glass　in　the　roof　a　green　house　which　allows　the　sun's　rays　to　enter　but　prevents　the　heat　from　escaping.
According　to　a　weather　expert's　prediction,　the　atmosphere　will　be　7oC　warmer　in　the　year　2050　than　it　is　today,　if　man　continues　to　burn　fuels　at　the　present　rate.　If　this　warming　up　took　place,　the　ice　capes　in　the　poles　would　begin　to　melt,　thus　raising　sea　level　several　metres　and　severely　flooding　coastal　cities.　Also,　the　increase　in　atmospheric　temperature　would　lead　to　great　changes　in　the　climate　of　the　northern　hemisphere,　possibly　resulting　in　an　alteration　of　the　earth's　chief　food-growing　zones.
In　the　past,　concern　about　a　man　-　made　warming　of　the　earth　has　concentrated　on　the　Arctic　because　the　Antarctic　is　much　colder　and　has　a　much　thicker　ice　sheet.　But　the　weather　experts　are　now　paying　more　attention　to　West　Antarctic,　which　may　be　affected　by　only　a　few　degrees　of　warming:　in　other　words,　by　a　warming　on　the　scale　that　will　possibly　take　place　in　the　next　fifty　years　from　the　burning　of　fuels.
Satellite　pictures　show　that　large　areas　of　Antarctic　ice　are　already　disappearing.　The　evidence　available　suggests　that　a　warming　has　taken　place.　This　fits　the　theory　that　carbon　Dioxide　warms　the　earth.
However,　most　of　the　fuel　is　burnt　in　the　northern　hemisphere,　where　temperatures　seem　to　be　falling.　Scientists　conclude,　therefore,　that　up　to　now　natural　influences　on　the　weather　have　exceeded　those　caused　by　man.　The　question　is.　Which　natural　cause　has　the　most　effect　on　the　weather?　
One　possibility　is　the　variable　behavior　of　the　sun.　Astronomers　at　one　research　station　have　studied　the　hot　spots　and　'cold'　spots　(that　is,　the　relatively　less　hot　spots)　on　the　sun.　As　the　sun　rotates,　every　27.5　days,　it　presents　hotter　or　'colder'　faces　to　the　earth,　and　different　aspects　to　different　parts　of　the　earth.　This　seems　to　have　a　considerable　affect　on　the　distribution　of　the　earth's　atmospheric　pressure,　and　consequently　on　wind　circulation.　The　sun　is　also　variable　over　a　long　term:　its　heat　output　goes　up　and　down　in　cycles,　the　latest　trend　being　downward.
Scientists　are　now　finding　mutual　relations　between　models　of　solar　-　weather　interactions　and　the　actual　climate　over　many　thousands　of　years,　including　the　last　Ice　Age.　The　problem　is　that　the　models　are　predicting　that　the　world　should　be　entering　a　new　Ice　Age　and　it　is　not.　One　way　of　solving　this　theoretical　difficulty　is　to　assume　a　default　of　thousands　of　yeas　while　the　solar　effects　overcome　the　inertia　(惯性)　of　the　earth's　climate.　If　this　is　right,　the　warming　effect　of　carbon　dioxide　might　thus　be　serving　as　a　useful　counter　-　balance　to　the　suns　diminishing　heat.

36.　It　can　concluded　that　a　concentration　of　carbon　dioxide　in　the　atmosphere　would　____________.
○A.　prevent　the　sun's　rays　from　reaching　the　earth's　surface
○B.　mean　a　warming　up　in　the　Arctic
○C.　account　for　great　changes　in　the　climate　in　the　northern　hemisphere
○D.　raise　the　temperature　of　the　earth's　surface

37.　The　article　was　written　to　explain　_________.
○A.　the　greenhouse　effect
○B.　the　solar　effects　on　the　earth
○C.　the　models　of　solar-weather　in　traction's
○D.　the　causes　affecting　weather

38.　Although　the　fuel　consumption　is　greater　in　the　northern　hemisphere,　temperatures　there　seem　to　be　falling.　This　is　________.
○A.　mainly　because　the　levels　of　carbon　dioxide　are　rising
○B.　possibly　because　the　ice　caps　in　the　poles　are　melting
○C.　exclusively　due　to　the　effect　of　the　inertia　of　the　earth's　climate
○D.　partly　due　to　variations　in　the　output　of　solar　energy

39.　On　the　basis　of　their　models,　scientists　are　of　the　opinion　that　__________.
○A.　the　climate　of　the　world　should　be　becoming　cooler
○B.　it　will　take　thousands　of　years　for　the　inertia　of　the　earth's　climate　to　take　effect
○C.　the　man-made　warming　effect　helps　to　increase　the　solar　effects
○D.　the　new　Ice　Age　will　be　delayed　by　the　greenhouse　effect

40.　If　the　assumption　about　the　delay　of　a　new　Ice　Age　is　correct,　__________.
○A.　the　best　way　to　overcome　the　cooling　effect　would　be　to　burn　more　fuels
○B.　ice　would　soon　cover　the　northern　hemisphere
○C.　the　increased　levels　of　carbon　dioxide　in　the　atmosphere　could　warm　up　the　earth　even　more　quickly
○D.　the　greenhouse　effect　could　work　to　the　advantage　of　the　earth

Passage　2
For　me,　scientific　knowledge　is　divided　into　mathematical　sciences,　natural　sciences　or　sciences　dealing　with　the　natural　world　(physical　and　biological　sciences),　and　sciences　dealing　with　mankind　(psychology,　sociology,　all　the　sciences　of　cultural　achievements,　every　kind　of　historical　knowledge).　Apart　from　these　sciences　is　philosophy,　about　which　we　will　talk　later.　In　the　first　place,　all　this　is　pure　or　theoretical　knowledge,　sought　only　for　the　purpose　of　understanding,　in　order　to　fulfill　the　need　to　understand　what　is　intrinsic　(内在的)　and　consubstantial　(同体的)　to　man.　What　distinguishes　man　from　animal　is　that　he　knows　and　needs　to　know.　If　man　did　not　know　that　the　world　existed,　and　that　the　world　was　of　a　certain　kind,　that　he　was　in　the　world　and　that　he　himself　was　of　a　certain　kind,　he　wouldn't　be　man.　The　technical　aspects　or　applications　of　knowledge　are　equally　necessary　for　man　and　are　of　the　great　importance,　because　they　also　contribute　to　defining　him　as　man　and　permit　him　to　pursue　a　life　increasingly　more　truly　human.
But　even　while　enjoying　the　results　of　technical　progress,　he　must　defend　the　primacy　(第一位)and　autonomy　of　pure　knowledge.　Knowledge　sought　directly　for　its　practical　applications　will　have　immediate　and　foreseeable　success,　but　not　the　kind　of　important　result　whose　revolutionary　scope　is　in　large　part　unforeseen,　except　by　the　imagination　of　the　Utopians　(空想家).　Let　me　recall　a　well-known　example.　If　the　Greek　mathematicians　had　not　applied　themselves　to　the　investigation　of　conic　(圆椎形的)　sections,　zealously　and　without　the　least　suspicion　that　it　might　someday　be　useful,　it　would　not　have　been　possible　centuries　later　to　navigate　far　from　shore.　The　first　men　to　study　the　nature　of　electricity　could　not　imagine　that　their　experiments,　carried　on　because　of　mere　intellectual　curiosity,　would　eventually　lead　to　modern　electrical　technology,　without　which　we　can　scarcely　conceive　of　contemporary　life.　Pure　knowledge　is　valuable　for　its　own　sake,　because　the　human　spirit　cannot　resign　itself　to　ignorance.　But,　in　addition,　it　is　the　foundation　for　practical　results　that　would　not　have　been　reached　if　this　knowledge　had　not　been　sought　disinterestedly　(公正无私地).

41.　The　most　important　advances　made　by　mankind　come　from　__________.
○A.　technical　applications
○B.　apparently　useless　information
○C.　the　natural　sciences
○D.　philosophy

42.　In　the　paragraph　the　follows　this　passage,　we　may　expect　the　author　to　discuss　________.
○A.　the　value　of　technical　research
○B.　the　value　of　pure　research
○C.　philosophy
○D.　unforeseen　discoveries

43.　The　author　points　out　that　the　Greeks　who　studied　conic　sections　__________.
○A.　were　mathematicians
○B.　were　interested　in　navigation
○C.　were　unaware　of　the　value　of　their　studies
○D.　worked　with　electricity

44.　The　title　below　that　best　expresses　the　ideas　of　passage　is　__________.
○A.　A　Little　Learning　Is　a　Dangerous　Thing
○B.　Man's　Distinguishing　Characteristics
○C.　Learning　for　its　Own　Sake
○D.　The　Difference　between　Science　and　Philosophy

45.　The　practical　scientist　__________.
○A.　knows　the　value　of　what　he　will　discover
○B.　is　interested　in　the　unknown
○C.　knows　that　the　world　exists
○D.　conceives　of　contemporary　life